Debate about the clinical usefulness of metabolic syndrome has been ongoing since it was first described in the late 1980s. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a large waist circumference due to excess abdominal fat, hypertension, abnormal fasting plasma glucose or insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. A search was conducted on pubmed, scopus and ovidsp medline and embase using the term metabolic syndrome, prevalence and the name of each south asian country for studies published on or after the year 2000. We therefore investigate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a southern chinese population with 85 million residents. The metabolic syndrome has been shown to increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
Several expert groups have attempted to propose diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome. This article provides a global overview of the current trends and distribution of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in south asia. Metabolic syndrome is a set of risk factors that increases a persons chance of developing serious conditions such as cardiovascular disease cvd, type 2 diabetes, and stroke. Chapter 39 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome 873 table 391 diagnostic criteria for diabetes 1. The primary causes of metabolic syndrome include obesity, physical inactivity, and possible genetic factors. Black african and female patients were more likely to have metabolic syndrome. Not all obese subjects have an adverse metabolic profile predisposing them to developing type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. The metabolic syndrome often is referred to as if it were a discrete entity with a single cause.
Although there is a reported association between lifestyle factors and metabolic syndrome, very few studies have used national level data restricted to the african americans aas in the united states us. Clinical implications of the metabolic syndrome medscape. In nigeria, using the who criteria, full blown metabolic syndrome i. The metabolic syndrome has become one of the major public health challenges worldwide. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus dm is on the increase and with this scenario, a possible increase in burden of dm which may be largely attributed to cardiovascular complications is expected.
Metabolic syndrome nutritional disorders msd manual. Metabolic syndrome mets is a major public health concern. These conditions include increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. Most patients 80% with type 2 diabetes have metabolic syndrome, but the converse is not necessarily true. When you have at least three of them, it is called metabolic syndrome. The idf consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic. Proponents of the syndrome encourage its use as a clinical tool to help identify people who may be at higher risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is defined by a constellation of interconnected physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that directly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2. During 20072012, nonhispanic black men were less likely than nonhispanic white men to have metabolic syndrome odds ratio or, 0.
Journal of metabolic syndromeomics internationaljournal. Causes, incidence, and risk factors metabolic syndrome is becoming more and more common in the united states. In one study, the presence of four or more metabolic syndrome risk factors was associated with a 3. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular.
The prospective cardiovascular munster procam study. The role of diet in metabolic syndrome national institutes. Our group was able to show analytically that due to venous plethora there are many cvd and some types of cancer. The bioshareeu healthy obese project aims to gain insights into the consequences of healthy obesity using data on risk factors and phenotypes across several largescale cohort studies. Metabolic syndrome and neurological disorders brings together information on the cluster of common pathologies which cause metabolic syndrome abdominal obesity linked to an excess of visceral fat, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension to provide a comprehensive and cutting edge exploration of the link between metabolic syndrome and neurological disorders.
Association between lifestyle factors and metabolic. The journal of the korean medical association 4812 january 2005 with 44 reads. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies by defini tion used and population studied. Prevalence and gender distribution of the metabolic syndrome. Apr 30, 2020 metabolic syndrome is present in 10% of women and 15% of men with normal glucose tolerance. The idf consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome page 4 of 7 part 3. The analytic sample consisted of 3,423 adults, 20 years of age and over, from nhanes 20032006. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middleaged men.
Epidemiology metabolic syndrome affects approximately 24% of the us adult population. Metabolic syndrome is a name for a group of risk factors that occur together and increase the risk for coronary artery disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is the name for a group of risk factors for heart disease, diabetes, and other health problems. Little information exists on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome for southern chinese. In developed countries, metabolic syndrome is a serious problem. Metabolic syndrome also known as the cardiometabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of related risk factors for cardiovascular disease that includes abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol data from the world health organization suggests 65% of the worlds.
Aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of obesity, metabolic. Causes, complications, diagnosis, and treatment are similar to those of obesity. Pdf definition and diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome mets is a cardiovascular risk factor of public health significance and of recent has become a topical issue. Metabolic syndrome prevalence by raceethnicity and sex in. Symptoms and diagnosis of metabolic syndrome american. These risk factors include excess fat around the waist, elevated glucose levels, unhealthy lipid levels, and high blood pressure. The number of metabolic syndrome components also influences the degree of risk. Healthy lifestyle plus periodic extraction of venous blood and interstitial fluid from areas of stagnation can improve peoples health. Metabolic syndrome and psychosocial factors unt digital library.
Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risk factors, including abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low hdl cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting glucose, that commonly cluster together and can result in cardiovascular disease. Large waist a waistline that measures at least 35 inches 89 centimeters for women and 40 inches 102 centimeters for men high triglyceride level 150. The ultimate importance of metabolic syndrome is that it helps identify individuals at high risk for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease cvd. Journal of metabolic syndromeomics internationaljournal of. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. These disorders include insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia low highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, and central obesity figure 1 tariq et al. Metabolic syndrome symptoms and causes mayo clinic. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolically. Metabolic syndrome has become increasingly common in the united states, and it is a major public health problem. One of the most discussed interdisciplinary problems of modern medicine in recent years has become the metabolic syndrome mets, which is discussed by cardiologists, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, hepatologists, gynecologists, rheumatologists, sexopathologists, surgeons and other specialists. The guangdong nutrition and health survey 2002 is a crosssectional survey. Metabolic syndrome mets represents a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that include hypertension, central obesity, insulin resistance, and.
Risk of developing metabolic syndrome increases as we age. The national institutes of health guidelines define metabolic syndrome as having three or more of the following traits, including traits youre taking medication to control. About 34 percent of adult americans are estimated to have it. The metabolic syndrome, which affects about onequarter of all adults in the u. Studies submitted in response to this rfa should focus on determining whether the precursors of the metabolic syndrome are different in children than in adults and whether there are unique. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, and coronary artery disease. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders vol 16, no 6. Metabolic syndrome is present in 10% of women and 15% of men with normal glucose tolerance. The objective of this report is to determine the prevalence. Children and adolescents can develop metabolic syndrome, but in these age groups, no definition is established. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increases the risk for heart disease and stroke. Research scope the goal of this initiative is to identify and understand the precursors of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Developing this new synthesis and analysis of the metabolic syndrome will bring together the viewpoints of epidemiologists, physiologists, molecular biologistsbiochemists, and clinicians toward understanding the current state of knowledge of both the causes and consequences of the metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the components that comprise the syndrome vary by age and by racialethnic group.
Typically, the pathological state of mets includes. In addition to syndrome x, several other synonyms have been proposed such as deadly quartet, drop syndrome dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, and high blood pressure, reaven syndrome, multiple metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance syndrome. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components in south asia region. Metabolic syndrome diet cardiovascular metabolic syndrome dysmetabolic syndrome. Since cardiovascular heart and blood vessel disease is the leading cause of death for adults in developed countries, many medical studies focus on treating or preventing heart disease and stroke. The metabolic syndrome, also known as syndrome x or insulin resistance syndrome, is a constellation of metabolic risk factors that significantly increases. Metabolic syndrome is a complex and evolving cluster of adverse risk factors that may end in the development of. Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents. Metabolic syndrome is a condition that can lead to both diabetes and heart disease, two of the most common chronic diseases today.
Identification and management of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome describes a constellation of metabolic abnormalities that are associated with visceral adiposity. Available data suggest that it truly is a syndrome i. These metabolic derangements present significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is commonly recognized as the primary clinical. A crosssectional evaluation was conducted using the national health and nutrition examination survey from 1999 to 2006 including men and nonpregnant women of 20. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome as defined by atp iii 3 of the following abnormalities. Population aging is accompanied by higher prevalence of ms, which varies depending on the population studied and the diagnostic criteria used. The main features of metabolic syndrome include insulin resistance, hypertension high blood pressure, cholesterol abnormalities, and an increased risk for clotting. Definition and diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome article pdf available in taehan uihak hyophoe chi. Metabolic syndrome prevalence increased from 1988 to 2012 for every sociodemographic group. Symptoms and diagnosis of metabolic syndrome what are the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Because metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions, many of which must be determined with lab work, this condition is not one that an individual can assess without the help of a healthcare provider.
Metabolic syndrome and psychosocial factors unt digital. To research the causes of metabolic syndrome, consider researching the causes of these these diseases that may be similar, or associated with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a condition that represents a cluster of risk factors. Because each component that makes up the versions of the metabolic syndrome increases cvd risk 34, 36, 37, 62, 68, 69, it seems prudent to treat any of these abnormalities that are present. Metabolic syndrome msd manual professional edition.
Metabolic syndrome is a complex and evolving cluster of adverse risk factors that may end in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease cvd and. Metabolic syndrome ms is an aggregation of risk factors that increase the incidence of cardiovascular events and diabetes mellitus dm. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in elderly and agreement. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies with the number of components present in an individual. Symptoms of hyperglycemia and casual plasma glucose 200 mgdl 11. A retrospective crosssectional study was conducted at the executive clinics of aga khan hospital, pakistan. Learn about the lab tests used to help diagnose and monitor this condition.
Introduction the metabolic syndrome increases the risk for cardiovascular disease in individuals with and without diabetes. Also, new findings in its pathophysiology and treatment are highlighted in the final section of the article. Doctors consider someone to have metabolic syndrome when they have 3 or more risk factors, which include elevated blood pressure, low hdl good cholesterol levels and diabetes or prediabetes. Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at higher risk to develop cardiovascular disease, stroke and disease related to fat deposition in artery. The overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in adolescents was 4. Furthermore, it would not be too surprising that the more. Sep 15, 2006 the metabolic syndrome often is referred to as if it were a discrete entity with a single cause. People with metabolic syndrome are much more likely to develop chronic health conditions, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in patients. Assess the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of individual risk factors for metabolic syndrome as well as the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the national health and nutrition examination survey nhanes 20032006. Recent advances in managingunderstanding the metabolic syndrome.
Edwards school of medicine, marshall university, usa 2. The metabolic syndrome is a multiplex risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The metabolic syndrome, a collection of unhealthy body measurements and abnormal laboratory test results, may identify persons at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Assess the role of abdominal obesity and insulin resistance in the development and pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. A panel for early detection, management, and risk stratification in the west virginian population krithika srikanthan 1, andrew feyh, haresh visweshwar, joseph i. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders vol 16, no 5. Metabolic syndrome diagnosis and treatment mayo clinic. Lifestyle modification such as the mediterranean diet, exercise, and quitting smoking are the preferred treatment of metabolic syndrome.
Introduction metabolic syndrome is a cluster of biological factors character. It is composed of atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance and elevated glucose, a prothrombotic state, and a proinflammatory state. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated. Mar 16, 2017 among us adults aged 18 years or older, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome rose by more than 35% from 19881994 to 20072012, increasing from 25. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of mets, its components, and factors associated with mets amongst apparently healthy individuals in pakistan. Jan 12, 2010 the metabolic syndrome mets is a cardiovascular risk factor of public health significance and of recent has become a topical issue. Metabolic syndrome nutritional disorders merck manuals. You can have just one risk factor, but people often have several of them together. Aggressive lifestyle modification and possible use of medications to treat the conditions that make up the metabolic syndrome may reduce a persons chances of. Demographic characteristics associated with the metabolic syndrome in bivariate analyses are shown in table 2. The goal of diagnosing the metabolic syndrome is to identify persons at increased risk of cvd. Recommendations for treatment once a diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome is made, the future management of the condition should be aggressive and uncompromising in its aim to reduce the risk of cvd and type 2 diabetes.
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