While using the fucntion itemplot, i realized that you can draw only one characteristic curve at a time corresponding to a single item which you have specified. When a line is drawn joining these two points, such a line can be called as load. Semiconductor curve tracer, a device for displaying the above curve. Collector characteristic curves consider the circuit of figure 96, which we will use to learn about the operation of the transistor in a circuit by adjusting the voltage sources v bb and v cc.
Certrifugal pump reciprocating pump schematic diagram characteristic curve is essential. Centrifugal pumps fluid flow system characteristic curve figure 9 typical system head loss curve in the chapter on head loss, it was determined that both frictional losses and minor losses in piping systems were proportional to the square of the flow velocity. It is not uncommon to see gains of 15 to 25 hp with a good merge collector system, compared to a massproduced cannister setup. In this first example, a plot with log relative exposure and a linear xaxis will be used. When the output characteristics of a transistor are considered, the curve looks as. When the oc curve is plotted, the sampling risks are obvious. While these changes in the definitions of parameters b and a seem slight, they are important when interpreting the results of test analyses. Transistor collector characteristic curves engineering tutorial. Characteristic curve definition of characteristic curve. Mathematics stack exchange is a question and answer site for people studying math at any level and professionals in related fields. The oc curve plots the probabilities of accepting a lot versus the fraction defective. Oct 01, 2004 operating characteristic curve ms excel six sigma isixsigma forums old forums general operating characteristic curve ms excel this topic has 1 reply, 2 voices, and was last updated 15 years, 7 months ago by rubberdude.
This is because the slower system will require a greater exposure in order to produce the same density. Operating characteristic curves for single, double and. Suppose v bb and v ce are set to produce a current i b 0 and v ce 0 v. A binary item is an item that is scored as either 0 or 1. The receiver operating characteristic roc curve, which is defined as a plot of test sensitivity as the y coordinate versus its 1specificity or false positive rate fpr as the x coordinate, is an effective method of evaluating the performance. The operating characteristic oc curve depicts the discriminatory power of an acceptance sampling plan.
Figure figure1 1 shows the roc curve for lactate using the cutoff values given in table table4. In order to distinguish these regimes we have to look at the iv characteristics of the device. Characteristic curves of a solar cell figure 3 shows the iv characteristic curves red and pv blue, for a cell working at temperature and radiation will be obtained known. The purpose of this article is to provide a nonmathematical. Collector characteristic connections for npn transistor. But it can be difficult to explain the benefits of different plans to colleagues who are unfamiliar with the terminology. This kind of characteristic curve family is one of the most useful. One of the main reasons i opted for the lattice package instead of using base r graphics which looks to be the image attached here was that the data is actually silently returned in the package whenever a plot is drawn.
Lets first go through the characteristic curves of centrifugal and reciprocating pump so that the ones referring it for the first time also get the idea of it. The method of characteristics university of arizona. Pdf obtaining the characteristics curves of a photocell by. Aug, 2016 using a circuit like that shown in figure a, a set of collector characteristic curves can be generated that show how the collector current, ic, varies with the collector toemitter voltage, vce, for specified values of base current, ib. A boundary characteristic curve bcc expresses the probability of transitioning across a given boundary threshold that separates the ordered item categories into two groups as a function of the latent trait. You should always examine the oc curve before using a sampling plan. Components of centrifugal pump performance curve 1. Using a circuit like that shown in figure a, a set of collector characteristic curves can be generated that show how the collector current, ic, varies with the collector toemitter voltage, vce, for specified values of base current, ib. Centrifugal pump characteristic curve components of. Operating characteristic curves for acceptance sampling for. This also brings up another interesting point that many arent aware of when making custom graphics.
It plots the probability of accepting a batch of items against the quality level of the batch. Recall that the collector characteristic curves graphically show the relationship of collector current and v ce for different base currents. With the dc load line superimposed across the collector curves for this particular transistor we see that 30 ma of collector current is best for maximum. Characteristic curve definition of characteristic curve by.
As its name suggests, iv characteristic curves show the relationship between the current flowing through an electronic. This variable is often something that is intuitively understood, such as intelligence. It is a curve which shows the relationship between the base current, ib and the collector base voltage vcb at constant vce this method of determining the characteristic is as follows. The operating characteristic curve is useful to understand the capability of a lot sampling plan. Transistor collector characteristic curves instrumentation tools.
Npn transistor circuit working, characteristics, applications. Pdf obtaining the characteristics curves of a photocell. Connect the output of the function generator directly to the input of the oscilloscope, channel 1, using a bncto. Transistor biasing circuit q point and dc load line. This is indicated by the portion of the characteristic curve between points a and b in figure. Pdf the bipolar transistors, theory and basic applications. A graph of sensitivity against 1 specificity is called a receiver operating characteristic roc curve. When properly designed, they keep or augment the horsepower peak, and fill in the power curve from the torque peak on up. The curve becomes progressively steeper as throttling increases. See, nobody told me, or wrote or made a statement, that the saturation current is where the load line intersects with characteristic curves. Pdf operating characteristic curves for single, double and.
Then, the collector or output characteristics curves for common emitter npn. Loglog type graph paper is used to cover a w ide range of times and currents. Notice in the circuit diagram that both vbb and vcc are variable sources of voltage. Store the icvce characteristic curves image for your lab report. In this configuration, the emitter of the bjt serves as the input, the collector is the output, and. Everybody on the internet and my material said that the saturation current is that current where load line ends. So actually, in realty load line ends at the last intersected point with characteristic curves. To change the operating point either the system curve or the pump curve must be changed. Generation of a parabolic trough collector efficiency curve.
The negative slope of the curve is related to the collector heat loss when operating at temperatures greater than ambient. Member ashrae member ashrae jeff stein is a senior engineer and mark hydeman is a principal at taylor engineering, llc, alameda, calif. I characteristic material needed function generator resistors. Characteristi c curves are arranged so that the area below and t o. Each curve shows how the colletor current, i c, varies with the collector emitter voltage, v ce, for a specific fixed value of the base current, i b.
Operating characteristic curves for single, double and multiple fraction defective sampling plans developed for cronobacter in powder infant formula. Centrifugal pump characteristic curve for an operations engineer who is working in a chemical process industry or a process engineer who is involved in hydraulic calculations understanding the centrifugal pump performance curve is an important aspect. A faster systems characteristic curve will lie to the right of a slower one. The microbiological criteria established in the ec 20732005 for cronobacter in powder infant formula pif are based on twoclass attribute sampling plans, where the sample results are qualitative sample indicates presence or absence and the lot is rejected if any sample is positive. You have seen that the characteristic curve of the diode makes it possible to know its operation. Bjt characteristic curves it is sometimes helpful to view the characteristic curves of the transistor in graphical form. The family of output characteristics curves of a bipolar transistor is given below. Generation of a parabolic trough collector efficiency. If x is a continuous random variable with the probability density function f xx.
Development and testing of the characteristic curve fan model. It should be noted that a discrimination parameter was used in equation 22, but because it always has a value of 1. In mathematics, used in the method of characteristics for solving partial differential equations. The saturation region corresponds to the case where both junctions are forward biased as v ce increases and reaches about 0. It depicts a graphical relationship between the unknown lots defect rate and the probability of the specific sampling plan to accept the lot.
Since flow velocity is directly proportional to the volumetric flow rate, the system head loss must be directly. One 2n3904 npn transistor or equivalent agilent oscilloscope use it as the curve tracer i. Free packages are available maximum ratings rating symbol value unit collector. Connect the output of the function generator directly to the input of the oscilloscope, channel 1, using a. Sampling plans are valuable in many quality control applications. Simulation model of a cpc collector with temperature. Lesson 28 characteristic curves of centrifugal pumps. Whats the significance of pump characteristic curves.
Transistor operation and characteristic iv curves the three terminals of the transistors and the two junctions, present us with multiple operating regimes. Jun 20, 2011 see, nobody told me, or wrote or made a statement, that the saturation current is where the load line intersects with characteristic curves. Here is what they have to say about merge collectors. The iv characteristic curves, which is short for currentvoltage characteristic curves or simply iv curves of an electrical device or component, are a set of graphical curves which are used to define its operation within an electrical circuit. Operating characteristic curves of a centrifugal pump. Each curve shows how the colletor current, i c, varies with the collectoremitter voltage, v ce, for a specific fixed value of the base current, i b. Assume that vbb is set to produce a certain value of ib and vcc is zero. The flow rate q and the developed head h are both determined by the intersection. The curves show the relationship between the collector current ic and the collector emitter voltage vce with the varying of base current ib. Operating characteristic curve ms excel six sigma isixsigma forums old forums general operating characteristic curve ms excel this topic has 1 reply, 2 voices, and was last updated 15 years, 7 months ago by rubberdude. Jun 23, 2016 lets first go through the characteristic curves of centrifugal and reciprocating pump so that the ones referring it for the first time also get the idea of it. Because the two systems are unlikely to have the same gradient we need to specify where to make the measurements of relative speed.
The characteristic curves of composition is an article from science, volume 9. Characteristic curve article about characteristic curve by. Nov 04, 2004 a graph of sensitivity against 1 specificity is called a receiver operating characteristic roc curve. The system characteristic curve see characteristic curve represents the relationship between the system head hsys and the flow rate q. When the output characteristics of a transistor are considered, the curve looks as below. You notice that the characteristic for ib 0 is practically merged with the horizontal axis.
You can just write or draw your signatures, ideas and thoughts onto the existing document. From the film characteristic curve, the relative exposures for the actual density and desired density are determined and the ratio of these two values is used to adjust the actual exposure. The figure shows an oc operating characteristic curve for a sample of 50 items taken from a batch of 2000 and using a critical acceptance number c of 2 the batch. Click and release the left mouse button to the first point, and move the cursor to the second point to click and release. Assume that vbb is set to produce a certain value of.
In electronics, a currentvoltage characteristic curve. Characteristic values of flatplate and evacuated tube collectors qcoll is the energy collected per unit collector area per unit time fr is the collectors heat removal factor. In electronics, a currentvoltage characteristic curve semiconductor curve tracer, a device for displaying the above curve. The load line is drawn by joining the saturation and cut off points. Chapter 2 bipolar junction transistor semantic scholar. Operating characteristics curve linkedin slideshare. An alternative way to generate the efficiency curve is to use the results of indoor receiver heat loss tests and combine these with an outdoor measurement of collector optical efficiency. The receiver operating characteristic roc curve, which is defined as a plot of test sensitivity as the y coordinate versus its 1specificity or false positive rate fpr as the x coordinate, is an effective method of evaluating the performance of diagnostic tests.
The above plot of characteristic curves gives a more complete picture of what we can expect from a working bipolar transistor. An operating characteristic oc curve is a chart that displays the probability of acceptance versus percentage of defective items or lots. Using a circuit like that shown in figure a, a set of collector characteristic curves can be generated that show how the collector current, ic, varies with the collectortoemitter voltage, vce, for specified values of base current, ib. I would like to know why is the input characteristic curve of common collector configuration ibvbc is different from other 2 input characteristic curves. Pdf operating characteristic curves for single, double. Characteristic curve article about characteristic curve. Notice from the iv characteristics that the output collector current is.
The item characteristic curve 5 chapter 1 the item characteristic curve in many educational and psychological measurement situations, there is an underlying variable of interest. This article was featured in january 2016s best of back to basics edition. A plot where the set of curves, independently of solar radiation level and ambient temperature, merge into a single curve is of great interest eames and norton, 1991. The output circuit is defined by the voltage vce emitter collector voltage and the current ic. Pdf on jan 1, 2000, abdelhalim zekry and others published the bipolar. Setting the function generator to sweep ce v from 0 v to 10 v.
The drawing signature pencil tool is very useful for the tablet pc since you can treat a pdf document just like a normal printed document and draw on the pc with the mouse or on the tablet pc using the pen. Operating characteristic curves for single, double and multiple fraction defective sampling plans developed for cronobacter in powder infant formula author links open overlay panel arianna mussidaa ursula gonzalesbarron francis butler. Development and testing of the characteristic curve fan model jeff stein, p. An operating characteristic curve graphically provides information about the probability of not detecting a shift in the process. As vcc is increased, vce increases as the collector current increases. The above iv characteristic curves defines the resistive element, in the sense that if we apply any voltage value to the resistive element, the resulting current is directly obtainable from the iv characteristics. You may then make the appropriate entries as listed below, or open example 1a or b. However, under the threeparameter model, the slope of the item characteristic curve at. First, a suitable voltage is applied between the emitter and the collector. This is very similar to the graphical approach used with diodes, but now we have three possible points where something could be happening base, emitter, collector. As a result, the power dissipated or generated by the resistive element can also be determined from the iv curve.
Operating characteristic curves for acceptance sampling. The performance of a sampling plan is revealed by its operating characteristic oc. The preferred method is to join the points by straight lines but it is possible to fit a smooth curve from a parametric model. The figure shows an oc operating characteristic curve for a sample of 50 items taken from a batch of 2000 and using a critical acceptance number c of 2 the batch will be accepted if there are two or less defectives in the sample. What are the advantages of electric traction system. The outputs of the transistor are the collector current and collector voltages. Using an operating characteristic oc curve minitab. The headdischarge curve hq curve relates the head produced by a pump to the volume of water pumped per unit time i. Characteristic curve definition is the graphic curve or the graph picturing it that shows the relation between two variables how to use characteristic curve in a sentence. Time is plotted on the vertical axis an d current is plotted on the horizontal ax is of all timecurrent characteristic curves. Curve your enthusiasm how to plot oc curves in excel.
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